[Chaihu Sanshen Capsules protect rats from myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via PKCßâ ¡/NOX2/ROS signaling pathway].

This study aims to explore the pathogenesis of myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury(MIRI) based on oxidative stress-mediated programmed cell death and the mechanism and targets of Chaihu Sanshen Capsules in treating MIRI via the protein kinase Cß(PKCßⅡ)/NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)/reactive oxygen species(ROS) signaling pathway. The rat model of MIRI was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending branch. Rats were randomized into 6 groups: sham group, model group, clinically equivalent-, high-dose Chaihu Sanshen Capsules groups, N-acetylcysteine group, and CGP53353 group. After drug administration for 7 consecutive days, the area of myocardial infarction in each group was measured. The pathological morphology of the myocardial tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The apoptosis in the myocardial tissue was observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to measure the le-vels of indicators of myocardial injury and oxidative stress. The level of ROS was detected by flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA levels of the related proteins in the myocardial tissue were determined by Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR), respectively. Compared with the sham group, the model group showed obvious myocardial infarction, myocardial structural disorders, interstitial edema and hemorrhage, presence of a large number of vacuoles, elevated levels of myocardial injury markers, myocardial apoptosis, ROS, and malondialdehyde(MDA), lowered superoxide dismutase(SOD) level, and up-regulated protein and mRNA le-vels of PKCßⅡ, NOX2, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(caspase-3), and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4) in the myocardial tissue. Compared with the model group, Chaihu Sanshen Capsules reduced the area of myocardial infarction, alleviated the pathological changes in the myocardial tissue, lowered the levels of myocardial injury and oxidative stress indicators and apoptosis, and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PKCßⅡ, NOX2, caspase-3, and ACSL4 in the myocardial tissue. Chaihu Sanshen Capsules can inhibit oxidative stress and programmed cell death(apoptosis, ferroptosis) by regulating the PKCßⅡ/NOX2/ROS signaling pathway, thus mitigating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

Mesothelin promotes brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by activating MET.

BACKGROUND: Brain metastasis (BM) is common among cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is the leading cause of death for these patients. Mesothelin (MSLN), a tumor-associated antigen expressed in many solid tumors, has been reported to be involved in the progression of multiple tumors. However, its potential involvement in BM of NSCLC and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. METHODS: The expression of MSLN was validated in clinical tissue and serum samples using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability of NSCLC cells to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was examined using an in vitro Transwell model and an ex vivo multi-organ microfluidic bionic chip. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to detect the disruption of tight junctions. In vivo BBB leakiness assay was performed to assess the barrier integrity. MET expression and activation was detected by western blotting. The therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting MSLN (anetumab) and MET (crizotinib/capmatinib) on BM was evaluated in animal studies. RESULTS: MSLN expression was significantly elevated in both serum and tumor tissue samples from NSCLC patients with BM and correlated with a poor clinical prognosis. MSLN significantly enhanced the brain metastatic abilities of NSCLC cells, especially BBB extravasation. Mechanistically, MSLN facilitated the expression and activation of MET through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which allowed tumor cells to disrupt tight junctions and the integrity of the BBB and thereby penetrate the barrier. Drugs targeting MSLN (anetumab) and MET (crizotinib/capmatinib) effectively blocked the development of BM and prolonged the survival of mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that MSLN plays a critical role in BM of NSCLC by modulating the JNK/MET signaling network and thus, provides a potential novel therapeutic target for preventing BM in NSCLC patients.

Nomogram based on multimodal magnetic resonance combined with B7-H3mRNA for preoperative lymph node prediction in esophagus cancer.

BACKGROUND: Accurate preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients is of crucial clinical significance for treatment planning and prognosis. AIM: To develop a clinical radiomics nomogram that can predict the preoperative lymph node (LN) status in EC patients. METHODS: A total of 32 EC patients confirmed by clinical pathology (who underwent surgical treatment) were included. Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of B7-H3 mRNA in EC tissue obtained during preoperative gastroscopy, and its correlation with LNM was analyzed. Radiomics features were extracted from multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging of EC using Pyradiomics in Python. Feature extraction, data dimensionality reduction, and feature selection were performed using XGBoost model and leave-one-out cross-validation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to establish the prediction model, which included radiomics features, LN status from computed tomography (CT) reports, and B7-H3 mRNA expression, represented by a radiomics nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the predictive performance and clinical application value of the model. RESULTS: The relative expression of B7-H3 mRNA in EC patients with LNM was higher than in those without metastasis, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The AUC value in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.718 (95%CI: 0.528-0.907), with a sensitivity of 0.733 and specificity of 0.706, indicating good diagnostic performance. The individualized clinical prediction nomogram included radiomics features, LN status from CT reports, and B7-H3 mRNA expression. The ROC curve demonstrated good diagnostic value, with an AUC value of 0.765 (95%CI: 0.598-0.931), sensitivity of 0.800, and specificity of 0.706. DCA indicated the practical value of the radiomics nomogram in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: This study developed a radiomics nomogram that includes radiomics features, LN status from CT reports, and B7-H3 mRNA expression, enabling convenient preoperative individualized prediction of LNM in EC patients.

Empowering patients in primary care: a qualitative exploration of the usability and utility of an online diabetes self-management tool.

BACKGROUND: Despite the potential advantages of Internet-based diabetes self-management education, its adoption was not widespread among Singapore's public primary care clinics (polyclinics). An interactive online tool was thus developed to help educate patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and was now ready for user testing before implementation. AIM: To explore the perceived utility and usability of the educational tool in patients with suboptimally-controlled T2DM in a Singapore primary care setting. METHODS: In-depth interviews were used to gather qualitative data from multi-ethnic Asian adults who had suboptimally-controlled T2DM. A total of 17 IDIs were conducted between April 2022 to March 2023, audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to identify emergent themes via thematic analysis. RESULTS: Regarding utility, users found the educational tool useful because it provided them with information that was comprehensive, accessible, reliable, and manageable. Regarding usability, the majority of users reported that the educational tool was easy to use, and suggested ways to improve navigational cues, visual clarity, readability and user engagement. CONCLUSION: Participants generally found the educational tool useful and easy to use. A revised educational tool will be developed based on their feedback and implemented in clinical practice.

Determination of the minimum soil infiltration rate of sunken green space considering the annual runoff collection ratio, sunken depth and sunken green space area of Hefei city, China.

Sunken green space is one of the urban rainwater collection facilities, which belongs to Low Impact Development (LID) techniques. It plays a key role in the construction of sponge city, and the amount of runoff collection is usually affected by the area of the sunken green space, the infiltration rate of the soil, and the annual runoff collection rate. To determine the minimum soil infiltration rate of sunken green space considering the annual runoff collection ratio of sponge cities, this paper selects a residential district in Hefei city, China, as the case study. Based on 45 years of precipitation data, the designed rainfall corresponding to annual runoff collection ratios of 75%, 80% and 85% is 21.3 mm, 23.4 mm and 27.5 mm, respectively. The characteristics of rainfall infiltration in sunken green space are analyzed by using the water balance model and runoff yield and conflux model. The results reveal that the soil infiltration rate is 1.16×10-4 cm/s~3.88×10-3 cm/s when the sunken depth is 0.1 m~0.3 m and that the ratio of green space area is 5%~25%. The runoff collection of the reconstructed sunken green space is 2.87 times and 1.98 times that of the nonsunken green space and the nonreconstructed sunken green space, respectively. That is to say, under the comprehensive performance of the sunken depth, sunken green space area, the steady soil infiltration rater of the reconstructed sunken green space cannot be less than the value obtained in this paper. Otherwise, the requirements of annual total runoff reduction ratio of the sponge city cannot be met. Therefore, this study provides references for realizing the ratio of annual runoff collection and sponge city construction in similar urban areas. It can also be applied to optimal selection of sunken green space in some sponge city projects.

An Eco-Friendly Manner to Prepare Superwetting Melamine Sponges with Switchable Wettability for the Separation of Oil/Water Mixtures and Emulsions.

Oil/water separation processes have garnered significant global attention due to the quick growth in industrial development, recurring chemical leakages, and oil spills. Hence, there is a significant demand for the development of inexpensive superwetting materials in an eco-friendly manner to separate oil/water mixtures and emulsions. In this study, a superwetting melamine sponge (SMS) with switchable wettabilities was prepared by modifying melamine sponge (MS) with sodium dodecanoate. The as-prepared SMS exhibited superhydrophobicity, superoleophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and underoil superhydrophobicity. The SMS can be utilized in treating both light and heavy oil/water mixtures through the prewetting process. It demonstrated fast permeation fluxes (reaching 108,600 L m-2 h-1 for a light oil/water mixture and 147,700 L m-2 h-1 for a heavy oil/water mixture) and exhibited good separation efficiency (exceeding 99.56%). The compressed SMS was employed in separating surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions (SWOEs), as well as surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (SOWEs), giving high permeation fluxes (reaching 7210 and 5054 L m-2 h-1, respectively). The oil purity for SWOEs' filtrates surpassed 99.98 wt% and the separation efficiencies of SOWEs exceeded 98.84%. Owing to their remarkable capability for separating oil/water mixtures and emulsions, eco-friendly fabrication method, and feasibility for large-scale production, our SMS has a promising potential for practical applications.

Distinct fibroblast subpopulations associated with bone, brain or intrapulmonary metastasis in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Bone or brain metastases may develop in 20-40% of individuals with late-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resulting in a median overall survival of only 4-6 months. However, the primary lung cancer tissue's distinctions between bone, brain and intrapulmonary metastases of NSCLC at the single-cell level have not been underexplored. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 14 tissue biopsy samples obtained from treatment-naïve advanced NSCLC patients with bone (n = 4), brain (n = 6) or intrapulmonary (n = 4) metastasis using single-cell sequencing originating from the lungs. Following quality control and the removal of doublets, a total of 80 084 cells were successfully captured. RESULTS: The most significant inter-group differences were observed in the fraction and function of fibroblasts. We identified three distinct cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subpopulations: myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF), inflammatory CAF (iCAF) and antigen-presenting CAF (apCAF). Notably, apCAF was prevalent in NSCLC with bone metastasis, while iCAF dominated in NSCLC with brain metastasis. Intercellular signalling network analysis revealed that apCAF may play a role in bone metastasis by activating signalling pathways associated with cancer stemness, such as SPP1-CD44 and SPP1-PTGER4. Conversely, iCAF was found to promote brain metastasis by activating invasion and metastasis-related molecules, such as MET hepatocyte growth factor. Furthermore, the interaction between CAFs and tumour cells influenced T-cell exhaustion and signalling pathways within the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS: This study unveils the direct interplay between tumour cells and CAFs in NSCLC with bone or brain metastasis and identifies potential therapeutic targets for inhibiting metastasis by disrupting these critical cell-cell interactions.

Impact of inflammation and Treg cell regulation on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.

Spinal cord injury is a severe neurological trauma that can frequently lead to neuropathic pain. During the initial stages following spinal cord injury, inflammation plays a critical role; however, excessive inflammation can exacerbate pain. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have a crucial function in regulating inflammation and alleviating neuropathic pain. Treg cells release suppressor cytokines and modulate the function of other immune cells to suppress the inflammatory response. Simultaneously, inflammation impedes Treg cell activity, further intensifying neuropathic pain. Therefore, suppressing the inflammatory response while enhancing Treg cell regulatory function may provide novel therapeutic avenues for treating neuropathic pain resulting from spinal cord injury. This review comprehensively describes the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and Treg cell regulation subsequent to spinal cord injury, with a specific focus on exploring the potential mechanisms through which Treg cells regulate neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. The insights gained from this review aim to provide new concepts and a rationale for the therapeutic prospects and direction of cell therapy in spinal cord injury-related conditions.

Preventive noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation reduces insufficient sleep-induced depression by improving the autonomic nervous system.

BACKGROUND: Depression is closely linked to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, the role of this imbalance in mediating the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on emotional well-being is not fully understood. METHODS: A population-based analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between sleep duration, depression scores, and heart rate variability (HRV). Additionally, the chronic SD mouse model was established to assess the impact of preventive transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) on pathological and behavioral changes. RESULTS: Our study found a significant link between sleep duration, depression severity, and HRV. Shorter sleep duration was associated with higher depression scores and lower RMSSD (a measure of HRV). In our rat model, insufficient sleep consistently impaired HRV. This effect was mitigated by taVNS, accompanied by corresponding changes in levels of IL-1ß and IL-6, astrocyte and microglia activation, and tail suspension times. CONCLUSIONS: Using VNS as a preventive treatment for depression-risk individuals with insufficient sleep shows promise. It not only broadens the potential applications of VNS but also sheds light on its mechanism-particularly its role in enhancing vagal nerve function and balancing the ANS, as evidenced by HRV measurements.

Research Progress on the Application of Nanocellulose in Glucose Sensing.

BACKGROUND: Nanocellulose is not only a biocompatible and environmentally friendly material but also has excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, and a large number of hydroxyl groups that have a strong affinity for water. These characteristics have attracted significant attention from researchers in the field of glucose sensing. OBJECTIVE: This review provides a brief overview of the current research status of traditional materials used in glucose sensors. The sensing performance, chemical stability, and environ-mental properties of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors are compared and summarized based on the three sensing methods: electrochemical sensing, colorimetric sensing, and fluo-rescence sensing. The article focuses on recent strategies for glucose sensing using nanocel-lulose as a matrix. The development prospects of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors are also discussed. CONCLUSION: Nanocellulose has outstanding structural characteristics that contribute signifi-cantly to the sensing performance of glucose sensors in different detection modes. However, the preparation process for high-quality nanocellulose is complicated and has a low yield. Furthermore, the sensitivity and selectivity of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors require further improvement.

Discovery of a novel lead characterized by a stilbene-extended scaffold against sepsis as soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors.

Recently, some inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) showed limited potential in treating sepsis by increasing survival time, but they have unfortunately failed to improve survival rates. In this study, we initially identified a new hit 11D, belonging to a natural skeleton known as stilbene and having an IC50 of 644 nM on inhibiting murine sEH. Natural scaffold-based sEH inhibitors are paid less attention. A combination of structure-activity relationships (SARs)-guided structural optimization and computer-aided skeleton growth led to a highly effective lead compound 70P (IC50: 4.0 nM). The dose-response study indicated that 70P (at doses of 0.5-5 mg/kg, ip.) significantly increased survival rates and survival time by reducing the levels of the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver. Interestingly, 70P exhibited much higher accumulation in the liver than in plasma (AUC ratio: 175). In addition, 70P exhibits equal IC50 value (1.5 nM) on inhibiting human sEH as EC5026 (1.7 nM). In conclusion, the natural scaffold-extended sEH inhibitor 70P has the potential to become a new promising lead for addressing the unmet medical need in sepsis treatment, which highlighted the importance of natural skeleton in developing sEH inhibitors.

Revision of residual deformities after primary surgery for Wassel-Flatt IV-D thumb duplication using a microsurgical free lateral great toe flap.

We report the application and results of skin defect coverage using the free lateral great toe flap in revision surgery for residual postoperative deformities in Wassel-Flatt type IV-D thumb duplications. This retrospective study included five patients treated between June 2020 and September 2021 to correct angular deformity and repair the secondary skin defect. All the flaps survived. The patients were followed up for 8-12 months and all the reconstructed thumbs had a satisfactory appearance. The results of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand scoring system were excellent in one patient, good in three patients and fair in one patient. The results of the Alignment, Ulnar and Radial stability, Range of motion and Aesthetical aspects (ALURRA) scoring system were good in four patients and moderate in one patient.Level of evidence: IV.

Porous nanocomposites with enhanced intrinsic piezoresistive sensitivity for bioinspired multimodal tactile sensors.

In this work, we propose porous fluororubber/thermoplastic urethane nanocomposites (PFTNs) and explore their intrinsic piezoresistive sensitivity to pressure. Our experiments reveal that the intrinsic sensitivity of the PFTN-based sensor to pressure up to 10 kPa increases up to 900% compared to the porous thermoplastic urethane nanocomposite (PTN) counterpart and up to 275% compared to the porous fluororubber nanocomposite (PFN) counterpart. For pressures exceeding 10 kPa, the resistance-pressure relationship of PFTN follows a logarithmic function, and the sensitivity is 221% and 125% higher than that of PTN and PFN, respectively. With the excellent intrinsic sensitivity of the thick PFTN film, a single sensing unit with integrated electrode design can imitate human skin for touch detection, pressure perception and traction sensation. The sensing range of our multimodal tactile sensor reaches ~150 Pa, and it exhibits a linear fit over 97% for both normal pressure and shear force. We also demonstrate that an electronic skin, made of an array of sensing units, is capable of accurately recognizing complex tactile interactions including pinch, spread, and tweak motions.

Fatty acid modification of casein bioactive peptides nano-assemblies, synthesis, characterization and anticarcinogenic effect.

In this study, the nano-assemblies of bovine casein hydrolyzed peptides (HP) modified by fatty acids with various alkyl chain lengths (C8, C10, C12 and C14) were synthesized. The physicochemical properties of HP-C8-HP-C14 nano-assemblies were characterized using spectra, laser particle size analyzer, contact angle meter, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cryo-transmission electron microscope (Cryo-TEM). HP-C8 and HP-C10 self-assembled into a hollow cube cage with an average size of ~500 nm, and the assembly of HP-C12 showed a flower-shaped morphology with more dispersed behavior, and droplet size was observed as ~20 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells MCF-7 was tested using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis. HP-C12 showed the highest cytotoxicity for MCF-7 cells with an inhibition rate of 66.03 % ± 0.35 % with an IC50 value of 7.4 µM among HP-Cn. HP-C8, HP-C10 and HP-C12 significantly affected on the migration, invasion and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The apoptosis mechanism may depend on the upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 as well as pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-8. The dead MCF-7 cells were analyzed with UHPLC-MS/MS using untargeted metabolomics, revealing key metabolic pathways.

Strong, Lightweight, and Shape-Memory Bamboo-Derived All-Cellulose Aerogels for Versatile Scaffolds of Sustainable Multifunctional Materials.

Strong, lightweight, and shape-memory cellulose aerogels have great potential in multifunctional applications. However, achieving the integration of these features into a cellulose aerogel without harsh chemical modifications and the addition of mechanical enhancers remains challenging. In this study, a strong, lightweight, and water-stimulated shape-memory all-cellulose aerogel (ACA) is created using a combination strategy of partial dissolution and unidirectional freezing from bamboo. Benefiting from the firm architecture of cellulose microfibers bridging cellulose nanofibers /regenerated cellulose aggregated layers and the bonding of different cellulose crystal components (cellulose Iß and cellulose II), the ACA, with low density (60.74 mg cm-3 ), possesses high compressive modulus (radial section: 1.2 MPa, axial section: 0.96 MPa). Additionally, when stimulated with water, the ACA exhibits excellent shape-memory features, including highly reversible compression-resilience and instantaneous fold-expansion behaviors. As a versatile scaffold, ACA can be integrated with hydroxyapatite, carboxyl carbon nanotubes, and LiCl, respectively, via a simple impregnation method to yield functionalized cellulose composites for applications in thermal insulation, electromagnetic interference shielding, and piezoresistive sensors. This study provides inspiration and a reliable strategy for the elaborately structural design of functional cellulose aerogels endows application prospects in various multifunction opportunities.

Fluorinated photoreduced graphene oxide with semi-ionic C-F bonds: An effective carbon based photocatalyst for the removal of volatile organic compounds.

There is much interest in developing metal-free halogenated graphene such as fluorinated graphene for various catalytic applications. In this work, a fluorine-doped graphene oxide photocatalyst was investigated for photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of a volatile organic compound (VOC), namely gaseous methanol. The fluorination process of graphene oxide (GO) was carried out via a novel and facile solution-based photoirradiation method. The fluorine atoms were doped on the surface of the GO in a semi-ionic C-F bond configuration. This presence of the semi-ionic C-F bonds induced a dramatic 7-fold increment of the hole charge carrier density of the photocatalyst. The fluorinated GO photocatalyst exhibited excellent photodegradation up to 93.5% or 0.493 h-1 according pseudo-first order kinetics for methanol. In addition, 91.7% of methanol was mineralized into harmless carbon dioxide (CO2) under UV-A irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalyst demonstrated good stability in five cycles of methanol PCO. Besides methanol, other VOCs such as acetone and formaldehyde were also photodegraded. This work reveals the potential of fluorination in producing effective graphene-based photocatalyst for VOC removal.

Screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To understand the screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region of Gansu Province, and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of myopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study was conducted to select 2 kindergartens and 12 primary and secondary schools in Hezuo City and Zhouqu County, Gannan region of Gansu Province, two classes were randomly selected from each grade, and the whole class was used as a unit for screening. The screening and correction of myopia in children and adolescents were collected for statistical analysis.RESULTS: A total of 5 072 children and adolescents were selected, and 4 806 valid data were finally included after excluding unqualified records. The overall prevalence of myopia was 45.55%, and the prevalence of myopia showed an increasing trend with the increase of grade(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The prevalence of myopia in girls(48.66%)was higher than that in boys(42.18%; P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001), and the age group of 10-12 years old was the fastest growing for myopia, increasing from 25.62% to 60.57%. Furthermore, moderate myopia and high myopia showed an increasing tread with the increase of the grade(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The overall glasses wearing rate of the Gannan region was 28.55%, with a full correction rate of 50.72%, and the glasses wearing rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of grades(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The glasses wearing rate of female students(30.84%)was higher than that of male students(26.69%; P=0.008). The full correction rates of low, moderate and high myopia in junior high were the lowest among the 3 phases of studying. The full correction rate of high myopia was the lowest in all phases of studying.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents from the Gannan region is lower than the national average, but the myopia of children and adolescents is still a trend of young age and high incidence, and the glasses wearing rate of myopia and full correction rate are low.

Spatio-temporal evolution law of gas-temperature coupling field in "110 method" goaf and prevention of spontaneous combustion.

To investigate the distribution characteristics of spontaneous combustion disaster (SCD) zones in the goaf of "110" mining method with U + L ventilation system and formulate corresponding fire prevention measures, enclosed coal oxidation experiments were carried out to measure the oxidation characteristics of Dongrong Coal Mine bituminous coal sample. A coupled 3DEC-CFD (3 dimensional Distinct Element Code) model was established. The 3D transient distribution characteristics of SCD zones in the "110" mining goaf under U+L ventilation condition were analyzed. Nitrogen injection in the tailgate was proposed for coal spontaneous combustion prevention. The results show that air leakage changed the distribution of oxygen and temperature fields in the "110" goaf, causing the region 20~60 m parallel to the retained roadway to remain in the oxidation zone for spontaneous combustion. As the working face advanced, the area change curve of SCD zones in the "110" goaf exhibited a "double inflection point" pattern. Eliminating the "retained roadway oxidation zone" can effectively reduce the spontaneous combustion risks in the "110" goaf and ensure mining safety. This study enriches the mechanisms of coal spontaneous combustion.

A retrospective study of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib compared with TACE monotherapy for BCLC B2 stage hepatocellular carcinoma.

The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with lenvatinib (Len) plus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and TACE alone in patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) B2 stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 66 patients with BCLC B2 stage HCC were retrospectively reviewed in the present study, of which 34 patients received Len + TACE, while 32 patients received TACE alone between May 2018 and May 2020. Survival outcome, tumor response and adverse events (AEs) were compared between the two treatment groups. The 6-month, 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were significantly higher in the Len + TACE group (97.1, 85.3 and 76.3%, respectively) compared with those in the TACE group [(93.8, 81.1 and 45.4%, respectively); hazard ratio (HR), 0.395; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.180-0.867; P=0.023], but no significant difference in progression-free survival rate was observed between the two groups (HR, 0.815; 95% CI, 0.437-1.520; P=0.510). Patients receiving Len + TACE demonstrated a higher objective response rate compared with those receiving TACE alone (64.7 vs. 34.4%; P=0.014). Therefore, Len + TACE combination therapy was associated with increased OS and tumor response compared with that of TACE monotherapy in patients with BCLC B2 stage HCC. However, large-scale, multicenter, prospective studies are needed to further confirm these results.